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The prevention of ferrocene leakage from an electrode by physical retention of mediator in a cellulose acetate membrane matrix is reported here for the first time. Five types of cellulose acetate membranes were prepared, containing 1.8, 5.3, 8.5, and 20.0% of ferrocene and a membrane containing 1.8% of ferrocene and 0.05% of Nafion in the matrix. All the membranes tested, including a cellulose acetate membrane without ferrocene, were much more resistant to ascorbate interference (12-69 nA mM-1) in comparison to an uncovered glassy carbon electrode (1152 nA mM-1). With increasing amount of ferrocene in the membrane, a decreasing ability of the membrane to retain mediator was observed. Ferrocene-embedded membranes were successfully applied in the construction of a fructose biosensor by immobilisation of PQQ-dependent fructose dehydrogenase. A biosensor with a membrane containing 20.0% of ferrocene in the matrix exhibited the lowest detection limit (3 muM), the shortest response time (45 s) and the highest sensitivity (232 nA mM-1). However, this biosensor was unstable because of ferrocene leaching and after 9 h of continuous use only 15% of the initial activity was observed. The biosensor with a cellulose acetate membrane containing 1.8% of ferrocene and 0.05% of Nafion had better stability characteristics, and retained almost 40% of the initial response after 8 h of continuous use, with similar sensitivity (226 nA mM-1) and response time (75 s).
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Reference:
Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis | Chemical Reviews,
Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis: A Critical Assessment of What It Takes To Make This Base Metal a Multitasking Champion